With hdp you can quickly evaluate numerous designs and chose the one that works best. In a typical hybrid rocket internal ballistic design, knowledge of the fuel regression rate is of. A comparison of preliminary design concepts for liquid. The perseus project is dedicated to the development of a launcher for. The following equation for thrust illustrates the effect of changing altitude on the amount of thrust produced by the rocket motor. The motor tube is of ten made of the same material as the airframe.
A computational program is developed to design the motor system structure, to predict the interior ballistics and the ballistic trajectory. Design and fabrication of a fullfeatured labscale hybrid. If you have ever designed a hybrid motor without a computer program, you will know how hard it is to predict how the motor will behave. A pdf of the modified text can be found in appendix c. Handling considerations of nitrous oxide in hybrid rocket. Nasa florida space grant consortium hybrid motor rocket. The overarching goal of this project was to establish a working developmental lab model from which further research can be accomplished. The following section will detail simplified equations for the design of small liquidfuel rocket motors. This is not surprising because the law was developed for a hybrid configuration wherein the fuel is a slab and most practical hybrid motor designs employ a.
Design and fabrication of a fullfeatured labscale hybrid rocket engine kyle platt university of central florida. Hybrid rocket motor propellant offers a number of advantages over the traditional liquid and solid propellants, particularly in the areas of safety, cost and environmental effects. Pdf hybrid propulsion is of major interest for low cost and safe space access. An overview we looked at the basic components of bipropellant, monopropellant, solid, and hybrid rocket motors. The ucla rocket project is in its fifth year of design and testing of its custom hybrid rocket engine, which will be integrated into the hype 1b2 rocket for uclas entry into this years intercollegiate rocket engineering competition hosted by the experimental sounding rocket association esra 8. Ae6450 rocket propulsion motor ballistics as with solid motors, use mass conservation to determine motor. Cfd simulations of selfpressurized nitrous oxide hybrid. A hybrid rocket engine design for simple low cost sounding rocket use. Rocket engine both the oxidizer and the fuel are stored in liquid phase in the tanks.
Challenges include the necessity for some type of bulkhead to withstand the thrust forces created. Introduction to hybrid design the following is a short introduction to hybrid rocket engines, with some examples of the current state of hybrid research around the world. Approaches to low fuel regression rate in hybrid rocket. The design makes use of lessons learned during the development of the spaceshipone hybrid rocket motor. The engine is built from a 2 diameter acrylic rod through which i drilled a 0. Stepbystep description of a typical nitrous high power model rocket motor. Pdf solid rocket motor design using hybrid optimization. Aocket modelr motor tube often has a thrust ring inside and the motor pushes against the ring during thrust. Ongoing objectives smallscale hybrid rocket combustion chamber design for improved efficiency figure 1. The optimization provides the optimal values of the main engine design parameters pressurizing gas mass. Solid rocket motor design using hybrid optimization article pdf available in international journal of aerospace engineering 20121 september 2012 with 266 reads how we measure reads.
Now, we will take a closer look at the state of the art with respect to hybrid rocket motor design focusing on oxidizer and fuel grain options oxidizers. This motor is designed for airstart capability on the 2nd stage sustainer of a 2stage rocket with the 98mm amateur rocket standard motor diameter in mind. Rocketmotortwo is a hybrid rocket engine utilizing solid hydroxylterminated polybutadiene htpb fuel and liquid nitrous oxide oxidizer sometimes referred to as an n 2 ohtpb motor providing 70,000 poundsforce 310 kn of thrust. Design and optimization of variable thrust hybrid rocket. Washington state university hybrid rocket team 18 our design 10,000ft. A hybridpropellant rocket is a rocket with a rocket motor that uses rocket propellants in two different phases. Hybrid rockets avoid some of the disadvantages of solid rockets like the dangers of propellant handling, while also avoiding some disadvantages of liquid rockets like their. The overall design of a hybrid rocket is quite simple. A little bit of background on whipped cream charger hybrid motors. Design your own makey robot, win a lifetime subscription. Hybrid rocket engines are promising propulsion systems which present appealing features such as safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Introduction the history of developing hybrid rocket engines in lampoldshausen spans over a decade by now, which is presented in table 1. Design and test of nitrous oxide injectors for a hybrid. Hybrid rocket experiment station for capstone design.
Optimal design of hybrid rocket motors for launchers. It was the first and only liquidfueled rocket engine to be reused from one mission to the next during the shuttle era. The rocket propulsion system design coordinates are saved to a dat file which can be used in a cad program to plot a 3d model of the rocket propulsion system. The present paper discusses approaches addressing improvements to one of the most important among these issues. The necessity to conduct largescale hybrid rocket motor tests to validate the burn rate from the. Since the pro 98 rocket motor has an outer diameter of 3. Hybrid propellant motor design amazon web services. The solid fuel is built into the combustion chamber in the form of a cylinder with one or more channels hollowed out along its axis.
The project was completed as part of the chemical rocket propulsion course taught at colorado state university. Advancing europes hybrid rocket engine technology with. Pdf design of a hybrid rocket motor progress in the perseus. Figure 6motor design configuration nozzle the nozzle throat crosssectional area may be computed if the total propellant flow rate is. Preliminary study of a hybrid rocket mechanical engineering.
Rattworks hybrid motors incorporate a monotube, floating injector bulkhead design with the urbanskicolburn valve a. In a solid rocket motor, on the other hand, the fuel and the oxidizer are mixed together and casted in a solid grain. Hybrid rocket engine with acrylic and gaseous oxygen youtube. Hybrid rocket fuel regression rate data and modeling. Ius inertial upper stage, 2stage solid rocket motor unit, stage 1. Rattworks also offers a simple tribrid liquid motor that is similar to the ratt hybrid but burns denatured alcohol as the main fuel component. Design of the flightweight 900 lbf thrust hybrid rocket motor prior to construction of the flightweight 900 lbf thrust hybrid rocket motor, a series of hybrid rocket motors were designed, built and hotfire tested at the zucrow rocket test facilities. Words in bold appear in the glossary at the end of the document.
Hybrid propellant motor design kent evans, chris ryan, sam heyd, danny cha, johnny wang 22315 1. While designing a rocket motor from the ground up poses several. The rockets structure must be designed to secure this motor within the body. The hybrid rocket concept can be traced back at least 75 years. The combustion mechanism and internal ballistics of hybrid rocket motor hrm differs markedly from those in liquid engine and solid motor. Pdf preliminary test results on a nitrous oxidehtpb hybrid rocket engine suitable for powering a small sounding rocket to altitudes of 50100. Smallscale hybrid rocket combustion chamber design for.
Design of economical upper stage hybrid rocket engine trace. The idea of the hybrid rocket is to store the oxidizer as a liquid and the fuel as a solid, producing a design that minimizes the chance of a chemical explosion. Fundamentals of hybrid rocket combustion and propulsion. Hybrid rocket motor tutorial hawkfeather web design. The motor to be used is the pro 98 rocket motor, which is the same as the previous years rocket. To assess the softstart capability of the hybrid motor, the minimum. Ventcon 2020 to discuss the state of open source ventilators.
Several applications for hybrid rockets are represented by papers examining application of hybrid rocket motor technology to sounding rockets, tactical rockets, space engines, large launch boosters, and. Pdf a hybrid rocket engine design for simple low cost sounding. Design, analysis, and simulation of rocket propulsion system. For a simple and easily manufactured conical nozzle, a correction factor. In this study, a twostage variable thrust and nontoxic 98%hphtpb hybrid rocket motor vthrm is designed and applied in a sounding rocket, and the design parameters of the motor are analyzed and optimized.
In line with rocketry convention, well sometimes use newtons fluxion notation. On the other hand, certain issues hamper the development hoped for. Hybrid design program helps you design hybrid rocket motors by calculating all the essentials you need to build your motor. I built a small rocket engine for demonstration purposes. Development and launch of the purdue hybrid rocket. Handling considerations of nitrous oxide in hybrid rocket motor testing zachary thicksten 1, frank macklin 2, and john campbell 3 spacedev inc. The nomenclature for the motor design is shown in figure 6. While the hybrid enjoys many safety and environmental advantages over conventional systems, large hybrids have not been commercially viable. All oxidizers for hybrids need to be in liquid form for it to be possible to reliably inject. Design of a hybrid rocket motor injector head for internal. Hybrid propellant motor design 22315 washington state university. Schematic of a typical hybrid rocket motor the characteristic velocity c is an interesting parameter to work with since it translates the ability to extract thermodynamic energy from a chemical system. Hybrid rocket propulsion systems have inherent safety and operational features that make them attractive choices for a broad range of applications including primary propulsion for launch vehicles, upper stage propulsion, tactical and strategic missile systems, and commercial space transportation. This preliminary design study serves to provide an in depth comparison of liquid, solid, and hybrid propulsion concepts for a longterm insitu mars ascent vehicle imav which relies only on propellants which can be harvested from the mars atmosphere or soil.
Characterization of hybrid rocket motor swirl injectors. Development and test of an experimental hybrid sounding. The film on the inside of the grain is the pyrodexnc lacquer slurry, the slug itself can be seen directly to the left of the gold bulkhead oring. The improvement of the space shuttle main engine ssme was a continuous undertaking, with the objectives being to increase. Hybrid rocket motors, in spite of their wellknown safety and handling advantages 1, have not seen widespread commercial use due to internal motor ballistics 2 that produce fuel regression rates typically 2530% lower than solid fuel motors in the same thrust and. Posts about nozzle design written by hybrid rocket engine project.